椎間盤突出(Herniated Intervertebral Disc, HIVD)

• 脊椎狹窄(Spinal stenosis)
• 脊椎創傷(Spinal injuries)
• 椎體損傷(Vertebrae injury)
• 頸椎骨折(Cervical spine fracture)
• 脊椎滑脫(Spondylolisthesis)
• 脊椎變形(Spinal deformity)
• 脊椎與脊髓腫瘤(Spine and spinal cord tumor)
• 脊柱裂(Spinal bifida)